“留守”对重庆市儿童生存质量的影响

The influence of“left-behind phenomenon”on quality of life of children in Chongqing

目的通过对重庆市儿童生存质量的抽样调查,以非留守儿童为参照了解留守儿童生存质量现状,探讨影响儿童生存质量的相关因素,了解"留守"对儿童生存质量的影响,为改善儿童生存质量的措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法对重庆市儿童进行抽样,通过入户的方式进行调查,利用PedsQL4.0儿童生存质量量表中文版测量儿童生存质量。通过计算量表得分来评价留守儿童和非留守儿童生存质量现状,通过多因素分析探索影响儿童生存质量的因素。结果重庆市留守儿童生存质量总分、生理功能得分、情感功能得分、社会功能得分、角色(学校表现)功能得分分别为82.50±11.56、87.03±13.58、77.55±16.05、85.64±14.85、77.05±14.22,非留守儿童上述各项得分分别为86.72±10.12、89.96±11.67、83.26±14.65、90.66±12.44、81.08±13.67,留守儿童生存质量总分及各维度得分均低于非留守儿童(P<0.01);多元线性回归分析发现是否留守(留守状态)、年龄、家庭人均支出是影响儿童生存质量的主要因素,其中是否留守影响最大,且是否留守对情感功能、社会功能和角色功能亦有重要影响。结论消除"留守"现象是改善儿童生存质量、提高其身心健康水平的直接手段。在城乡社会经济发展尚存在差别、"留守"现象暂时无法完全消除的情况下,家庭、学校、社会应高度重视,采取相应措施,共同构建留守儿童身心健康保护网络,促进留守儿童健康成长。

Objective To study the life quality status of left-behind children and its influencing factors by a sampling survey comparing with the non-left-behind children in Chongqing, so as to provide a basis for improving children＇s quality of life. Methods We adopted a multistage cluster sampling and conducted surveys by home visiting; the children＇s quality of life was assessed with Chinese version of PedsQL4. 0 children＇s quality of life measuring scale. The life quality status of left-behind and non-left-behind children was evaluated by their scale scores, and the factors influencing children＇s quality of life were analyzed by multiple-factor analysis. Results The scores of total score of life quality, physiological function, emotional function, social function, and role （performance in school） function of left-behind children in Chongqing were 82. 50 ± 11.56, 87.03± 13.58, 77. 55±16.05, 85.64± 14. 85, and 77. 05 ±14. 22, respectively; and the scores for un-left-behind children were 86.72±10.12, 89.96±11.67, 83. 26±14. 65, 90. 66±12. 44, and 81.08±13.67, respectively. The total score and scores of each dimension of left-behind children were all significantly lower than those of non-left-behind children （P〈0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis found that the left-behind status, age, and per capita expenditure of a family were the main factors influencing the children＇s quality of life, with the left-behind status having the greatest influence; moreover, the left-behind status could greatly influence the emotional function, social function and role function. Conclusion To reduce ＂left-behind＂ phenomenon is a direct method to improve children＇s quality of life and increase their physical and psychological health. When ＂left-behind＂ phenomenon can not be completely eliminated, families, schools and society should pay more attention to left- behind children, making joint efforts to protect the physical and psychological health of left-behind children.