双基地合成孔径雷达技术

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology

双基地合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统的发射和接收装置承载于不同的平台,系统配置灵活多样,接收装置适装性强,电磁隐蔽性好,不仅能实现对地侧视成像,还能够实现前视成像,是SAR技术新的发展方向之一。由于双基SAR在几何构型、工作模式、分辨特性和应用领域等方面与传统单基SAR存在明显差异,在成像理论、系统组成、收发同步、参数估计、运动补偿、成像处理和试验验证等方面,双基地SAR也存在一系列新的理论、方法和技术问题。近年来,国际雷达界对这些问题开展了广泛深入的研究工作,获得了一些新的认识。该文拟从空间关系和物理概念角度,论述双基SAR成像原理、构型分类、应用特点、系统组成、性能参数、研究现状和发展趋势,简要分析双基SAR与单基SAR的异同,并对双基SAR未来的发展趋势做简要的展望。

Bistatic synthetic aperture radar （SAR） is one of the recent developments of SAR technology. Its transmitting and receiving devices are mounted on different platforms, which brings flexibility for system configuration. In addition, the receiver is suitable for various platforms and electromagneticly concealing. Besides, it is capable of side-looking and forward-looking imaging. Due to the significant distinctions between bistatic SAR and monostatic SAR in observation configuration, working mode, resolution and application fields, new problems exist in the theory, methods and techniques of bistatic SAR, such as imaging theory, system configuration, bistatic synchronization, parameter estimation, motion compensation, imaging processing and experimental validation. In recent years, the radar communities have done extensive and profound researches toward these problems and new insights have been explored. In this review paper, the current research status and development perspective of the imaging theory, configuration classification, application characters, and performance parameters of bistatic SAR are analyzed. Then, the similarities and differences ofbistatic SAR and monstatic SAR are briefly discussed and the future development perspective of bistatic SAR is envisioned.