大豆对大豆花叶病毒病抗性的研究进展

Advances in Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Disease in Soybean

大豆花叶病毒病是我国大豆生产上的最主要病害之一,在我国东北、黄淮及南方大豆产区普遍发生,严重降低大豆产量和品质。我国不同学者曾将江苏、东北、湖北及山东等地的SMV株系做过局部划分。为促进大豆抗病育种研究成果的交流和种质的交换,南京农业大学国家大豆改良中心从不同类型种质资源和国内外鉴别系统中筛选出10个鉴别能力强、反应稳定的鉴别寄主,将我国大豆产区25个省(市)的SMV划分为22个株系;通过不同病毒分离物的全基因组序列分析,发现大豆花叶病毒和菜豆普通花叶病毒基因组重组形成的SMV新类型;从种质资源中发掘出广谱抗源科丰1号和齐黄1号等优异抗源;发现其对15个株系的抗侵染作用分别由单显性基因控制;将15个抗侵染基因定位在大豆2、6、13和14号染色体上,完成Rsc3、Rsc4、Rsc6、Rsc7、Rsc8、Rsc13、Rsc14、Rsc15、Rsc17、Rsc18等抗性基因的精细定位,发现抗性基因成簇存在;证明抗病、系统坏死、系统花叶3类症状由一组复等位基因控制;发现大豆对SMV存在数量抗性(抗扩展),它由一对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制;利用分子标记辅助选择,聚合3个抗源品种、3条染色体上的多个抗性基因,创造了兼抗20个株系的新种质;利用基因干扰原理,完成了SMV基因HC-Pro和CP及隐性大豆抗病基因eIF4E的遗传转化,在阳性后代中获得一批优异抗性材料。

Soybean mosaic virus（SMV） disease is one of the most common and destructive viral diseases in soybean production in China, such as in Northeastern China, Huanghuai valleys and Southern China. It declines the soybean yield and degrades the soybean seed quality. Earlier, several SMV strain differential systems have been established in Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong provinces and Northeastern China. National center for soybean improvement（ NCSI）, Nanjing Agricultural Universi- ty, China has been actively working on SMV research for the past decades. To facilitate exchange of information of resistance sources and nation wide utilization of the resistant soybean cultivars, researchers from NCSI established the nationwide uniform SMV strain classification system using 10 different resistant soybean cultivars. Based on this strain classification system, twen- ty-two SMV strains have been identified from 25 provinces of China. Several new SMV types, for instance recombination with SMV and bean common mosaic virus（BCMV） were also identified and confirmed by complete genome sequencing of various SMV isolates. We collected the soybean cuhivars, landraces from China and other countries and screened against SMV strains as well as identified resistance sources such as Kefeng 1, Qihuang 1 and Dabaima, etc. Our further investigation showed that single dominant gene confers the resistance to 15 SMV strains and they were mapped on Chromosomes 2, 6, 13 and 14. Among them, we fine mapped the Rsc3 ,Rsc4 ,Rsc6 ,Rsc7 ,Rsc8 ,Rsc13 ,Rsc14 ,Rsc15 ,Rsc17 and Rsc18 genes and found resistant genes are always clusters. And we confirmed that 3 types of symptoms i. e. resistance, necrosis and mosaic to SMV in soybean, were conditioned by a set of multiple alleles. The studies have demonstrated that the mechanisms of resistance in infection and in development to SMV are different. The resistance in development was controlled by one additive major gene plus additive and dominant polygenes. New broad spectrum resistant soybean germplasms, which can resistant to 20 SMV strains, were developed by marker assisted selection（MAS） using 3 soybean cultivars containing multiple resistant genes. In addition we completed the genetic transformation of SMV genes such as HC-Pro, CP and a recessive soybean resistance genes elF4E based on gene interference principle and a set of excellent resistant material were obtained in the progeny of positive transgenic soybean materials.