石家庄市不同人群呼吸道感染病原体调查分析

Analysis of Spectrum of Respiratory Pathogens in Shijiazhuang During 2014 to 2015

目的 了解本地区急性呼吸道感染患者8种呼吸道病原体的流行情况。 方法 选取2014 年1月1日至2015年12月31日在石家庄市第一人民医院诊治的7545例呼吸道感染患者，对血清进行8种常见呼吸道病原体的 IgM抗体检测。 结果 本地区2014年检出率较高的呼吸道病原体依次是流感病毒B（17.5%）、流感病毒A（12.9%）、肺炎衣原体（11.8%），2015年检出率较高的呼吸道病原体依次是流感病毒B（20.6%）、肺炎支原体（20.0%）、流感病毒A（11.0%）。2015年较2014年流感病毒A、流感病毒B、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团菌4种病原体IgM抗体阳性率有所降低，肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率有所升高；各年龄组八种病原体抗体阳性率均存在差异，与0～3岁组比较4～15岁组肺炎衣原体、流感病毒 A、流感病毒 B、副流感病毒、嗜肺军团菌、呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体阳性率较高，15岁以上组腺病毒、嗜肺军团菌、呼吸道合胞病毒IgM抗体阳性率较高；与4～15岁组比较15岁以上组腺病毒、嗜肺军团菌IgM抗体阳性率较高；且秋冬季与春夏季比较流感病毒A、 流感病毒B、 副流感病毒IgM抗体阳性率较高，而肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率较低。 结论 本地区呼吸道感染的病原体以流感病毒 A（INFA）、流感病毒B、肺炎支原体为主， 不同年份、不同季节、不同年龄组病原体的种类和感染率具有一定差异性。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of 8 respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infections （ARI） in Shijiazhuang area. Methods The antibodies of 8 respiratory pathogens were identified in serum collected from 7545 patients with ARI who visited the first People′s Hospital of Shijiazhuang during the periods of January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. Results The positive rates of Influenza virus B （INFB）, influenza virus A （INFA）, Chlamydia pneumonia （CP） antibodies were 17.5%,12.9% and 11.8%, which were higher than that in other pathogens in 2014. In 2015, the positive rates of influenza virus B （INFB）, Mycoplasma pneumoniae （MP） and Influenza virus A （INFA） antibodies were higher at 20.6%, 20.0% and 11.0%. The positive rates of INFA, INFB, CP, Legionellapneumophila （LP） antibodies were lower when compared with data in 2014; the positive rate of MP antibodies was higher in 2015. The antibody positive rates of eight pathogens were different in different age groups. The positive rates of CP, INFA, INFB, PIV, LP and RSV antibodies were higher in the age group of 3 to 15 than that in age the group of 0 to 3. The positive rates of ADV, LP and RSV antibodies were higher in the age group of older than 15. The positive rates of ADV and LP antibodies were higher in the age group of older 15 than that in the age group of 3-15. The positive rates of INFA, INFB and PIV antibodies were higher in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer, but MP was opposite. Conclusion Our data indicate that the predominant respiratory pathogens were INFA, INFB and MP in Shijiazhuang area during 2014-2015. The type of pathogens and prevalence are different in different years, different seasons and different age groups.