生物有机肥对大棚西瓜生长特性及品质的影响

Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics and Quality of Watermelon

以"京欣2号"大棚西瓜为试材,研究了生物有机肥对大棚西瓜生长特性及品质的影响。结果表明:从幼苗期到膨瓜期,生物有机肥(BOF)和对照(CK)处理下西瓜株高、茎粗、主根长随生长期呈逐渐增加趋势,而叶面积指数在膨瓜期有所降低,不同时期BOF西瓜株高、茎粗、主根长叶面积指数均高于对照;BOF和CK处理下叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均随生长期增加呈先增加后降低趋势,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量表现为逐渐增加趋势,不同时期BOF处理下西瓜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均高于对照;生物有机肥增加了大棚西瓜根区土壤养分,BOF处理下西瓜根区土壤有机碳、全氮和全钾含量均显著高于CK(P<0.05),其中,以有机碳的增加幅度最大(73.67%),对全磷的影响不显著(P>0.05);生物有机肥显著增加了大棚西瓜的单瓜质量和产量(P<0.05),并且增加了西瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖、总酸度、总黄酮、中心糖、边糖含量和含水量,以可溶性糖的增加幅度最大。综合比较来看,生物有机肥可有效促进西瓜营养代谢协调均衡,还可以提高糖分含量,改善西瓜品质,确保西瓜的高产优质。

Taking ＇Jingxin 2＇ watermelon as material, the effect of bio-organic fertilizer Oh growth characteristics and quality were studied. The results showed that, from seedling to mature stage, the bio-organie fertilizer （BOF） and CK watermelon plant height, stem diameter, main root length increased gradually with the growth period, and leaf area index decreased in mature stage. The bio-organic fertilizer （BOF） watermelon plant height,stem diameter,main root length and leaf area index were higher than CK. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of watermelon first increased and then decreased in BOF and CK treatment, soluble sugar and soluble protein increased gradually with the growth period, and the chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content were higher in BOF treatment than CK. BOF treatment had increased watermelon root zone soil nutrients,BOF treatment watermelon root zone soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total potassium were higher than CK （P〈~0. 05）, which the soil organic carbon was the most sharpest increase （73. 67%）, while BOF treatment had no significantly difference to soil total phosphorus （P2〉0. 05）. BOF treatment had significantly increased watermelon fruit weight and yield （P^0. 05）,it also increased vitamin C, soluble protein, soluble total sugar, total acidity, total brass, center sugar, sugar and water content, which the soluble total suga was the most sharpest increase （73.67 %）. In total,BOF treatment could effectively promote the nutrition metabolism of watermelon, increase the sugar content and improve the quality of watermelon, which ensured the high yield and good quality.