绿化有机物覆盖对郁金香生长发育的影响

Influence of Organic Mulching on the Growth and Development of Tulips

以郁金香“红色印象”品种为试材,种植后选择腐熟1年的绿化粉碎物基质（A、B）、当年腐熟的基质（D、E）、树枝直接粉碎的木屑（L、M）、切削的木块（R、S）分别进行5cm和10cm不同厚度的地面覆盖,设不覆盖（CK）为对照,研究了覆盖物应用对郁金香生长发育的影响,以期为郁金香展览提供技术支持。结果表明：进行有机物覆盖后,自11月中旬至翌年2月,20cm土层的地温较对照普遍高2～3℃,而3月15日后对照的地温较覆盖处理高2℃左右;同时覆盖后20cm土层的含水率比对照提高2～7个百分点。分析不同覆盖处理对郁金香物候和地上、地下部生长发育指标的影响,D处理在叶芽和花苞萌出时间、叶片长度和宽度、花葶高度、花瓣长度和宽度、鳞茎干样质量等指标上要明显优于R、S处理,各处理间存在显著性差异,切削木块的应用效果较碎木屑和腐熟基质要差,不适合郁金香的覆盖。

Effect of mulching on the growth of tulips was studied to provide technical support for tulip exhibition. Tulipa ＇Red Impression＇ was nmlched for 5 cm or 10 cm thick by one-year-old compost（A, B）, fresh compost（D, E）, wood chips （L,M） and wood blocks（R,S） after planting. The results showed that 20 cm deep soil moisture under mulching was 2-- 7 percentage point higher than the control, and the soil temperature was 2- 3℃higher than the control during November to next year February,whereas it was 2℃ lower than the control after middle of March. By analyzing growth and development of the plants,treatment R and S were less favorable than D in terms of lea{ sprouting time,flower bud emergence time,length and width of leaves,height of flower scape,length and width of petals,dry weight of bulbs etc.. There were significant differences among the treatments. Wood block was not suitable for mulching tulips, wood chips and composts were much better.