植物篱对坡面土壤养分流失的影响

Effects of Hedgerows on Soil Nutrient Losses on the Sloping Farmlands

植物篱能够有效控制土壤侵蚀,减少土壤养分流失,被人们广泛应用,然而针对植物篱影响较短坡长坡耕地土壤肥力的研究很少。通过栽培0.8m,1.0m,1.2m三个宽度植物篱,设置带间、带上、带中和带下采样点以及每个采样点分0—15cm层和15—30cm层取样来研究紫花苜蓿带对坡长为24m的自然坡面的土壤养分影响。结果表明:篱宽与土壤有机质、有效磷之间存在一定的相关性,在上坡位布设较宽植物篱能更好地使土壤有效磷在坡面上均匀分布;土壤有机质和有效磷在带上富集,而表现为带间和带下强烈侵蚀,出现水平带状分布;0—15cm层土壤有机质和有效磷变化受植物篱的影响较大,15—30cm层土壤有机质和有效磷变化幅度较小。植物篱可以改变坡面微地形,且0—15cm层土壤有机质和有效磷在带上部位富集,含量最高,而15—30cm层在带中含量最高。土壤有机质在坡面呈高度耗损,而有效磷呈高度富积。因此,种植草本植物篱时,应该考虑合适宽度,选择适时适地的植物种,考虑植物篱给带下部位带来的养分流失,加强植物篱带下土壤的管护,从而提高整体土地生产力。

Hedgerow can effectively control soil erosion and reduce soil nutrient losses,so it has been widely used.However,there was little research for how hedgerow affects soil fertility of slope farmland with shorter slope length.By setting 0.8m,1.0m,1.2mthree width,the simple sites between hedgerows,the top sample sites of hedgerow,the middle sample sites of hedgerow,the bottom sample sites of hedgerow and 0—15cm layer and 15—30cm layer,we examined how the alfalfa affected the soil nutrient in the natural slope with 24 mlong.The result shows that there is a relationship among the hedgerow width and soil organic matter and available phosphorus.The uphill position arranges wider hedgerow to produce better effect that the soil available phosphorus can be distributed uniformly on the slope.The contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus are more and more richer in the top sample sites of hedgerow,but the erosion is severe in the simple sites between hedgerows and the simple sites of bottom hedgerows and soil nutrient appears horizontal distribution.With hedgerow affecting,soil organic matter and available phosphorus changes are great in the 0—15cm layer,however,soil organic matter and available phosphorus in 15—30cm layer become less in the middle sample sites of hedgerow.Hedgerow can change micro topography of the slope,and contents of soil organic matter and available phosphorus in the 0—15cm layer are more and more richer in the top sample sites of hedgerow and are the highest,while content of hedgerow are highest in the 15—30cm layer the middle sample sites.The soil organic matter showed a high degree of loss in the slope,and the available phosphorus is highly concentrated.Therefore,planting grass hedgerow should consider suitable width,and select the appropriate plant species.And people should strengthen hedgerow belt soil management and protection,take soil nutrient loss of the bottom of hedgerows into account,so as to improve the overall land productivity.