1961-2010年中国参考作物蒸散量变化趋势与时空格局

Research of Variation Trend and Spatial Pattern of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration During the Period from 1961 to 2010 in China

根据甄选的中国529个气象台站1961—2010年的观测资料,利用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith模型估算了全国年际参考作物蒸散量,探究了中国1961—2010年参考作物蒸散量变化趋势与时空格局。结果表明:(1)通过对中国参考作物蒸散量的年变化趋势进行分析,发现1961—2010年参考作物蒸散量先有下降趋势(1961—1993年),下降幅度不大,后又有缓慢的回升(1994—2010年),但总体呈下降趋势;(2)通过对各站近50年参考作物蒸散量平均值的时空分布进行分析,发现中国西北地区和西南地区明显大于东北地区和中部腹地;(3)中国参考作物蒸散量时空分布主要影响因素是风速和气温(气温影响范围广,风速影响程度大),也与中国地形复杂、面积广阔、经纬跨度大、各地气象条件差异导致作物蒸散能力差异有关。

The annual reference crop evapotranspiration was estimated using Penman-Monteith model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）with the observation data from529 meteorological sites during the period of 1961 to 2010,and the variation trend and spatial pattern of ET0 were investigated in detail.The results indicated that：（1）through analysis of annual variation tendency for the reference crop evapotranspiration,it was found that during the period from 1961 to 2010,reference crop evapotranspiration declined（1961—1993）,did not drop,and then slowly recovered（1994—2010）;（2）through the reference crop evapotranspiration in recent 50 years,the average value on the temporal and spatial distribution analysis,it was found that the values in northwest China and southwest China were significantly greater than those of northeast area and the central hinterland;（3）the main factors affecting the spatial and temporal reference crop evapotranspiration were the wind speed and temperature distribution in China（Temperature had a wide range of influence,wind speed had a great effect on ET0）.And meanwhile,China′s complex terrain,the vast area,latitude and longitude span,all weather conditions caused the differences in different crop evapotranspiration capacity.