《笛赋》伪作性质的几点思考

Reflections on Ode to the Flute as a Pseudograph

针对学界多有争议的《笛赋》真伪问题,本文借鉴前贤观点,并增列新的证据,从三个主要方面证成其属伪作:一,《笛赋》有"宋意将送荆卿于易水之上"的话,而以宋玉生平论,当不会见及其事;二,由马融《长笛赋》"追慕王子渊、枚乘、刘伯康、傅武仲等箫、琴、笙颂,唯笛独无"的话可知,《笛赋》不应出现在马融之前;三,《笛赋》有"招伯奇于凉阴,追申子于晋城"的表述,但从现存文献史料看,伯奇事见诸记载已在入汉以后。综合这三点可知,《笛赋》当是一篇后人依据后出文献所作而托名宋玉的作品。

There has long been the debate over Ode to the Flute as an authentic work or a pseudograph in the academic world.The present author proves its identity as a pseudograph by giving new evidences on the basis of former studies.Firstly,there is the statement that Song wishes to see Jing Ke off on Yishui River in Ode to the Flute.But when confronted with a careful examination of his life experience,this was not very likely to have happened to Song Yu.Secondly,when Ma Rong composed his Ode to the Long Flute,he wrote,＂I love the essays contributed to various musical instruments,such as Xiao,Qin and Sheng by Wang Ziyuan,Mei Cheng,Liu Bokang and Fu Wuzhong.But among all the musical tools,they never mentioned the flute.＂From this statement,we can say that it was not very likely for the work Ode to the Flute to appear before Ma Rong＇s time.Lastly,in Ode to the Flute,there is the statement that music played on the flute could＂call back the spirit of Boqi in Liangyin and bring back remembrance of Shenzi in Jincheng＂.But investigated against all the existing literature and historical data,the record of Boqi never appeared before the Han Dynasty.The above three reasons could lead to a natural conclusion that Ode to the Flute could not have been Song Yu＇s work but most likely apseudograph by someone who was born later than Song Yu.