内蒙古高原荒漠区垫状锦鸡儿灌丛的微气候特征

Microclimate characteristics of Caragana tibetica shrub canopy in the desert of the Inner Mongolia Plateau

为了解内蒙古高原荒漠区垫状锦鸡儿灌丛对自身及灌丛周围微气候的影响,进而分析其在维持荒漠区生态系统结构和功能稳定中的作用,采用手持微气候仪测定灌丛内部、背风面、裸地(对照)的风速、温度和湿度等微气候指标.结果发现:垫状锦鸡儿灌丛降低了灌丛内部和背风面的风速,灌丛背风面的风速降低幅度大于灌丛中心;垫状锦鸡儿灌丛降低了灌丛内部和背风面的夏季午间温度,灌丛中心温度降幅大于灌丛背风面;垫状锦鸡儿灌丛提高了灌丛内部和背风面的湿度,灌丛中心湿度增幅大于灌丛背风面.垫状锦鸡儿灌丛改变微气候的效应随着灌丛体积的增大而增强,3个指标的变化与灌丛体积均呈线性正相关.由此可见,垫状锦鸡儿灌丛能够显著改善灌丛内部和背风面的微气候条件.

To learn the impacts of Caragana tibetica shrub on the microclimate itself and around the shrub in the desert of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, and furthermore analyze its effects on the maintenance of ecosystem structure and function in desert of C. tibetica, the temperature, humidity and wind speed under shrubs, leeside shrubs and bare land （the control） were measured by microclimate instrument. The resuhs showed that C. tibetiea shrub reduced the internal and leeward wind speed, and the reduction of the wind speed in the leeward surface was higher than that in the center of canopy. C. tibetiea shrub reduced the internal and leeward temperature, while the reduction of the temperature in the center of canopy was higher than that in the leeward surface. C. tibetica shrub improved the internal and leeward humidity, and the rises of the humidity in the center of canopy was higher than that in the leeward surface. The effects of C. tibetica on the mieroclimate increased with the volume of canopy, and the changes of three indexes were positively related with the canopy volume of C. tibetiea. In conclusion, C. tibetica thrub can signif/cantly improve the microclimate of inside and leeward surface.