湖北省医疗机构医疗废物管理现状调查

Investigation on medical waste management in medical institutions in Hubei Province

目的调查湖北省医疗机构医疗废物的管理现状,并提出改进对策。方法依据相关规范自行设计调查问卷,采用随机分层抽样方法于2015年4月实地调查湖北省75所医院医疗废物管理情况,获得有效问卷73份。结果 73所医院的医疗废物管理软硬件建设基本符合规范要求,组织与制度管理、科室分类处置情况各项合格率均在90%以上;83.56%(61/73)的医院开展了医疗废物最佳环境实践相关宣传;减少使用一次性医疗器械、用品品种达40余种;76.71%(56/73)的医院输液软袋都交由签约公司回收利用;医院病理科的化学性废液交危险废物处置中心处理的仅占21.54%(14/65);骨科钢板处置方法不一,56.16%(41/73)的医院将其作为医疗废物,仅35.62%(26/73)的医院告知患者处置方式,与患者签署知情同意书。结论湖北省医疗机构医疗废物管理已逐步得到重视,但对于特殊类别的医疗废物处置,如输液袋(瓶)、骨科钢板、病理科化学性废液处置均存在不同程度的问题,仍需加大培训,进一步规范医疗废物分类处置。

Objective To investigate the situation of medical waste management in medical institutions of Hubei Prov-ince,and put forward the improvement strategies.Methods The questionnaires were designed according to the relevant standards,situation of medical waste management in 75 hospitals in Hubei Province was investigated by stratified sampling, 73 available questionnaires were got.Results The construction of medical waste management software and hardware in 73 hospitals were basically met the requirements of the standards,the qualified rates in organization and system management, classification and disposal of medical waste in departments were all ＆gt;90%;83.56% （61/73）of the hospitals carried out the best environmental practice（BEP）for medical waste;application of more than 40 kinds of disposable medical devices and supplies were reduced;76.71% （56/73）of hospitals’soft infusion bags were collected and recycled by designated company;only 21.54%（14/65）of hospitals send pathological chemical waste liquid to hazardous waste disposal center;disposal ways of orthopedic stainless steel plates were different,56.16% （41/73 ）of hospitals treated plates as medical waste,only 35.62%（26/73）of hospitals informed patients how to deal with it,and signed informed consent with patients. Conclusion Medical waste management in medical institutions in Hubei Province has been paid more and more attention, but for special categories of medical waste disposal,such as soft infusion bags（bottles）,orthopedic stainless steel plates, and pathological chemical waste liquid,there are some problems,training still needs to be strengthened,the classification and disposal of medical waste needs to be standardized further.