出水沉船的保护概况

The Survey of the Conservation of Shipwrecks

长期遭受海洋环境腐蚀的沉船,在打捞出水后,由于保存环境的变化,其破坏程度会发生显著的变化。为此,需要对其采取一系列的保护措施。本文通过对沉船保护的影响因素、树种鉴定的技术、木材防腐防霉的方法以及常见的干燥和加固定型方法等几个方面的研究现状进行介绍,从而指明沉船保护的方法和方向。沉船木材的保护主要受到含水率、盐类以及微生物的影响,因此加固时必须处理好这几个问题。木材的保护首先要确定木材的种类,进行有效的树种鉴定,之后针对性进行脱盐,并且进行防霉防腐的处理。通过这些前期工作和预处理,后续的干燥和加固的环节才能良好的开展。干燥定型方法主要包括脱水干燥的四种方法和加固定型的两种方法。本文旨在介绍沉船保护过程中所采用的方法及需要关注的影响因素,以便于该研究方向的保护工作者对目前的沉船保护工作有一个总体的认识。

The Shipwrecks were destroyed after the corrosion environment changed from sea to air, so a list of protection ways need to be carried. This paper presents an overall introduction of the recent developments on the analysis of the influence factors of shipwrecks＇ conservation, Species identification technology, biological protection of wood and the common method of dry and reinforce stereotypes. On the basis of this, we are clear on the directions of shipwrecks＇ protection. Archaeological wood is mainly affected by the moisture content, salt, and microorganisms, therefore we must deal with these problems during reinforcing. First of all, we need to confirm the type of wood with effective species identification, then pertinence measures for desalination and biological protection must be carried out. Through the preparation and pretreatment, the subsequent steps drying and reinforcement can be able to continue. In order to make the contents expressly, we divide them into two parts, including four methods of dehydration and two methods of reinforce stereotypes. The objective of this paper is to introduce the factors and methods which researchers need to pay attention to in the conservation of shipwrecks, so that we can take a general view of the protection what we did so far.