商事主体入典的法例考察与模式选择

Selection of the Legislative Mode on Commercial Subjects into Codification

商事主体立法史表明,完全融入民法典或分立嵌入商法典的立法方案都不足以适应商事主体的多样性、复杂性和易变性,商事主体单行法模式几乎成为当今两大法系不同国家或地区的共同选择。我国编纂《民法典》在定位商事主体时,应打破传统民商分立或民商合一的立法思维与理论禁锢,选择民法典总则一般性规定与商事特别法相结合的商事主体立法范式。

The history of legislative mode on commercial subjects indicate that either completely integrating commercial subjects into the Civil Code or separately formulating commercial subjects in the Commercial Code is insufficient to adapting to features of diversity,complexity and variability of commercial subjects. While the legislative mode of commercial subjects as special law has become common practice in both continental and common law systems. In compiling the Civil Code of PRC,with regard to defining commercial subjects,the inherent legislative patterns and theoretical confinement of either divided or integrated codification of civil and commercial laws should be surpassed,and the legislative mode of commercial subjects in both general principles of General Provisions in Civil Code and special commercial laws is suggested to be applied.