认同--人之境况的建筑由五个篇章和一个尾声构成的思考

Identity-The Architecture of the Human Condition A Reflection in Five Movements and One Epilogue

文章探讨了将城市建筑作为城市社区的自然精神的体现。早期人类通过在自然景观中迁徙、对其占用,以及运用身边的自然材料搭建住所,将自然景观转变为文化景观。从这时开始,城市就具有了一种自然生长的本质特征,这一特征在古典时期和中世纪时期的城市中均得到了体现。这些城市表现出一种自然景观、自发构成的城市和社区文化之间的紧密联系。在文艺复兴时期,"理想城市"的影响催生了经由规划形成的大型城市。这些城市的设计呈几何形状,呈现出种人工的、受到控制的环境。通过限制本土传统的表达,南美洲西班牙殖民地的巴洛克城市主义也反映出一种欧洲化的生活方式的影响。巴西"食人主义运动"提出了通过有意识地"吞食"其他文化来形成一种独特的、结合了地方文化和场所的建筑认同。这种"挪用的建筑"恰恰代表了对新殖民依赖性的完全克服。

This paper is a discussion about the architecture of city as an expression of natural spirit of urban community. From early times when man began to transform natural landscape into a cultural landscape by moving through and occupying it, and by using natural materials in his surroundings to build shelters, the city took on an organic nature of growth which characterises the cities of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. These cities express a close synthesis between the natural landscape and the natural constitution and culture of community. During the Renaissance, the influence of the notion of ＂Ideal City＂ produced large planned cities which were designed geometrically, reflecting a kind of artificial and controlled environment. The Baroque urbanism of the Spanish colonies in America also reflect the influence of the European way of life by limiting the expression of local traditions. The Brazilian ＂Anthropophagic Movement＂ proposes the notion of consciously ＂cannibalising＂ other cultures in order to evolve a unique architectural identity that integrates local culture and place. This is an ＂architecture of appropriation＂ which represented the final overcoming neo-colonial dependence.