内外之间环地中海建筑的地域性特征

Inter-context The Regional Characteristic of Architecture in Mediterranean Basin

环地中海区域独特的地理特征使得当地建筑拥有一种"间性"特点。这种"间性"在物理层面上描述的是山海相携的地理环境;在精神层面上,它表达的是在文化中心从海洋向欧洲内陆偏移的过程中,当地建筑师在设计手法上摇摆于内(精神中心与主流)外(物质环境与现实)之间的折中性。文中分析的三个案例,从巴洛克时期到21世纪初,它们分别从原型与地貌、域外的中心、个体中的城市三个角度描述了个体理想原型与场地具体环境之间的角力与平衡。正是这种内外之间的相互作用,孕育了地中海建筑的地域性特征。

The unique geographic features of the Mediterranean Basin have shaped the local architectures into a characteristic of being ＂inter- context＂. In terms of its physicality, the notion of ＂inter-context＂ renders the geographic environment of the Mediterranean Basin. On the spiritual level, it conveys a sense of eclecticism in local architects＇ design approaches. In the context of shifting from ocean-centered culture to inland-centered culture, the architects are torn between the internal （spiritual center and mainstream culture） and the external （physical environment and reality）. Three case studies are introduced in this article, ranging from Baroque period to early 21 st century in construction time. They tend to illustrate the conflicts and balances between each individual ideal prototype and the related physical environment from three perspectives-- prototype and geomorphology, the external center, and the individual city. It is this reciprocal tension between the internal and the external that gestates the regional characteristics of Mediterranean architecture.