英国女作家斯帕克的生命书写

On Muriel Spark's Life Writing

英国女作家缪里尔·斯帕克的一生受到内在生命激情的驱动,热衷于生命书写,以他传、自传与传记体小说展现特立独行的自我意识,力图为读者树立人生之典范。在从事小说创作以前,她专注于撰写著名作家传记,从模仿其中传主的创作艺术出发,逐步形成别具一格的创作风格。在多部小说创作中,她有意识地赋予它们浓厚的自传色彩,在亦真亦假的故事中回味人生和传达理念。借助小说创作成名后的斯帕克以自己的经历为荣,完成自传,为世人提供借鉴与示范。她三个阶段的生命书写层层相扣,呈现出递进式影响。以生命书写为鉴,斯帕克转向小说创作时,开始由"写什么"到探究"怎样写"这一重大问题,最终成为英国后现代主义文学中的代表性作家。

Driven by her passion for life, the British female writer Muriel Spark is dedicated to life writing, through which she attempts to demonstrate her unique sense of the self and establish a paradigm for the reader. Before she started fiction writing, she had concentrated on writing biographies of eminent writers. While imitating their crea- tive styles, she gradually developed her own art of fiction. In many of her novels, she intentionally adds autobiographical elements, contemplating her own life and conveying her ideas in these semi-fictitious stories. After gaining success in the field of fiction, Spark started to write autobiography. Going through various stages of life writing, Spark shifts from the issue of ＂what to write＂ to that of ＂how to write,＂ and becomes one of the most important British post-modernist writers.