额济纳土尔扈特人的人体测量学特点

Anthropometric characteristics of Tougud in Ejina

目的探讨额济纳土尔扈特人的体质特征。方法遵循《人体测量方法》,于2015年9月在额济纳旗达来呼布镇测量了土尔扈特人196例(男84例,女112例)体质数据。结果额济纳土尔扈特人多具上眼睑皱褶,有蒙古褶略低于50%,眼裂高度、鼻根高度、鼻翼高多为中等型,眼裂倾斜度多为眼外角高于眼内角,直鼻背,颧骨体发达,唇薄,眼褐。额济纳土尔扈特人男为高身材,女为超中等身材。主成分分析结果表明,与中国北方13个族群相比,额济纳土尔扈特男性身材高大,躯干宽阔,面的宽度大,头较长且宽,鼻较高且宽。土尔扈特女性鼻高、形态面高的高度中等,鼻很宽,口裂窄、唇薄。内蒙古额济纳土尔扈特人与新疆巴州土尔扈特人体质存在较明显的不同。土尔扈特人男性身体质量指数(BMI)均值已经达到肥胖的下限,女性BMI均值已经接近超重的上限。结论土尔扈特人具有蒙古人种北亚类型的体质特征,在中国北亚类型族群中土尔扈特人较为肥胖。

Objective To study the physical characteristics of Tougud in Ejina. Methods According to relevant provisions of Anthropometric methods,we measured physical indexes of 196 adults（ 84 males,112 females） of Tougud in Dalaihubu of Ejina in September 2015. Results Tougud in Ejina had a high rate of eyefold of the upper eyelid,the rate of Mongoloid fold was less than 50%,most of their opening height of eyeslits,nasal root height and nasal base were middle.Most of their direction of eyeslits were external angle. Nasal profile was straight,zygomatic projection was projecting,thickness of lips was thin,and eye color was brown. The stature of males was tall and the stature of females was super medium. The results of the analytic of principle components showed that compared with 13 ethnic groups in north of China,Tougud males were tall,trunk was broad,face breadth was big,head length and head breadth were all big,nose breadth and nose height were big. Nose height and physiognomic facial of Tougud females were middle,nose breadth was big,mouth breadth was small, thickness of lips was thin. Tougud in Ejina of Inner Mongolia had different physical characteristics with Tougud in Bayinguoleng of Xinjiang. The average of body mass index（ BMI） of Tougud meals reached the lower limit of fat,and that of females was close to the upper limit of fat. Conclusion The physical characteristics of Tougud belongs to the North Asian type of Mongoloid,Touguds are fatter than other ethnic groups of North Asian type.