某精神医院急诊科重性精神疾病患者流行病学调查及特征分析

Epidemiological Investigation and Characteristic Analysis of Patients with Severe Mental Illness in a Psychiatric Hospital

目的：研究某精神病院急诊科重性精神病疾病流行病学情况，对精神疾病患者特征进行分析。方法：选取2011年3月至2015年3月期间某精神病医院急诊科收治的1641例精神疾病患者，对精神疾病患者进行流行病学调查，包括患者的性别、年龄、发病时间、住院次数、服药情况、临床表现、合并疾病以及处理方法等进行统计，分析患者发病特征。结果：共调查精神疾病患者1641例，患者年龄14～88岁，平均年龄（41．6±10．2）岁。其中首发重性精神疾病的患者583例，占35．53％；复发重性精神疾病的患者1058例，占64．47％。外伤患者138例，给予包扎止血处理；肌肉注射411例；静脉输液286例。所有患者在我院长期住院治疗，其中精神科1338例，外科91例，内科169例，妇科43例。治疗后出院1292例，转院113例，236例转精神科门诊治疗，无死亡病例。精神分裂、情感障碍以及精神发育迟滞在所有精神疾病中所占比例最高，分别为28．52％、23．28％以及20．48％。其中除感情障碍外，其他类型疾病男性发病率均略高于女性。精神疾病发病年龄段以18～60岁最多，共1232例（75．08％），其中多数患者为已婚患者，共1184例（72．15％），文化程度以初高中患者最多，共983例（59．90％），多数患者在家属陪同下来院就诊，共1397例（85．13％）。结论：对精神病患者的发病类型及患者临床特征进行分析有助于对精神疾病的诊断和针对性治疗，减少患者对社会的危害性，有助于社会的发展，对临床治疗具有重要意义。

Objective： To study the epidemiology of psychiatric diseases in a psychiatric hospital, and gy. After treatment, 1292 cases were discharged, transferred 113 cases, 236 cases of psychiatric outpatient treatment, no deaths. SchizophreJfia, affective disorder, and mental retardation were the highest in all mental diseases, 28.52%, 23.28% and 20.48%, respectively. Among the other types of diseases, the incidence of male was higher than female. The age of onset of mental illness was 18-60 years old, a total of 1232 patients （75.08%）, the majority of patients were married patients, a total of 1184 patients （72.15%）, the degree of education in patients with high school, a total of 983 cases （59.90%） , the majority of patients were accompanied by a total of 1397 patients （85.13%）. Conclusion： The analysis of the type and clinical characteristics of patients with psychosis can help 4o diagnose and treat mental disorders, reduce the harm to the society. It is for the development of the society. It has important significance for clinical helpful treatment.