瓜州东千佛洞的图像源流与历史价值——兼谈东千佛洞的初创年代

The Image Origin and Historical Value of The Frescos of The Eastern Thousand-Buddha Grottoes in Guazhou

本文根据新发现的东千佛洞老照片,通过和东崖、西崖之间的对比,认为东千佛洞的开创年代始自北魏时代。同时,作者基于长期的实地考察和研究,对东千佛洞的图像源流和历史价值进行了深入分析。作者认为,东千佛洞第7窟的八大菩萨曼荼罗根据不空译《八大菩萨曼荼罗经》绘制,属不空系密教影响下的产物;东千佛洞第2窟的《文殊五尊曼荼罗》、《尊胜佛母曼荼罗》、《多罗菩萨救济八难曼荼罗》等壁画都与今译传世梵文文献《成就法鬘》有着密切的关联,与之相反,第5窟的《名等诵文殊曼荼罗》、《不空羂索五尊曼荼罗》等壁画,则与尼泊尔流行的藏传密教相关。

It is judged in the essay that the Eastern Thousand-Buddha Grottoes in Guazhou was opened u p from the Northern Wei dynasty based on the newly discovered historical images of the caves and contrast analysis between the east and west cliffs. The image of eight Buddha mandalas of cave 7 is studied to be born from The Eight Buddha Mandalas Classics translated by Amogha whose Esoteric Buddhism is refl ected on it. The murals of cave 2 like Five Manjusri Mandala and Dolo Bodhisattva Saving from Eight Fears Mandala and others are closely linked to the Buddhist classical canon of Sādhanamālā(Chéng Jiù Fǎ Mán), whereas the frescoes depicting the scenes of Chanting Buddha's Names and Buddhist Sutras and Five Amoghapasha are related with the Tibetan Tantrism popular in Nepal.