紫禁城现存明代官式彩画分期探讨——从大木梁檩枋彩画纹饰切入的研究

The Ming Imperial Architecture Paintings and Decorations of Periods---Focus on The Patterns on Beam and Purlin of The Timber Architecture of The Imperial Palace

明代官式彩画在中国彩画发展史上取得了突出的艺术成就,惜遗存数量稀少,幸北京紫禁城内集中保留有一批重要的明代彩画,主要分布在二十余处不同类型的官式建筑中。这部分彩画形制规范,制作精良,是明代官式彩画非常重要的实物例证,也是唯一能较全面体现明代官式彩画历史演变轨迹的珍贵遗产。以大木构件梁檩枋彩画为例,其大线轮廓造型、找头的花瓣与花心纹饰、盒子纹饰于明代不同时期表现出不同的特征,将这些彩画的构图与纹饰的形制特征进行年代排列后,可推测彩画的演变规律,并据此粗略将紫禁城明代大木构梁檩枋彩画分为早﹝永乐-弘治﹞、晚﹝正德-崇祯﹞两个时期。该课题完善了明代官式彩画的整体性研究。

The decorative pattern s on more than twenty different designs of wooden palaces of the Forbidden City fully embody the higher attainment that the Ming dynasty achieved in the history of Chinese architecture painting and decoration, and witness the evolution of official architectural art over the Ming era. Take for instance the decorations and patterns on the beam and purlin of the timber architecture, the outlined profiles having flowers with petals and blooms are of unique styles of different periods. The architectural painting and decoration was completed in two times---- early Yongle( 永 乐) to Hongzhi( 弘 治) reigns and late Zhengde( 正 德) to Chunzhen( 崇 祯) reigns judging by the styles and ages of them. This research project is of signifi cance for an overview of the historical offi cial architectural decorations of the Ming times.