山地民族聚落人居环境历史研究的方法论探讨——以贵州为例

An Approach to Explore the Formation and Evolution of Mountainous Minority Settlements——A Case of Guizhou Province

出于材料、视角等方面的限制,此前的多数山地民族聚落研究存在缺乏聚落空间整体观、历史研究稀缺等问题。本文基于人居环境科学生成整体论,融合人类学、形态学等学科方法与材料,探索了对山地民族聚落人居环境开展历史演变研究的可能方法。文章首先厘清山地民族聚落"山体、河流、水田、山林、村庄"的人居环境范畴,并且认为应从河谷等区域层面进一步加深整体认识;其次,本文介绍了从民族志文本与聚落空间信息两者出发,再现或部分再现聚落演变、生成过程的方法;最后,文章认为,生存压力、生计模式与聚落空间这三者的辩证关系是聚落空间演变的核心问题,须在研究中持续关注。

For the reasons of rare material,limited perspective and other aspects,there were few articles focusing on the ＂holistic space＂ and the evolution history of minority settlements in Guizhou province.Based on the sciences of human settlements,especially the method of ＂growing whole＂（generative holism）,this article tries to explore an approach to study the formation and evolution processes of mountainous minority settlements in Guizhou province.This paper firstly defines the ＂mountain,river,woods,paddy field and residences＂ as the holistic space of a settlement,and then looks into the valley region for further study.Then it searches new materials both from ethnology and spatial morphology.Finally,it always pays attention to the linkage between ＂survival pressure＂, ＂livelihood＂ and ＂settlement space＂.