“借景”概念再思考 以“风”的得景主题为例

Research on Concept of “View-borrowing” Illustrated by Accepted Scenery of Wind

研究指出中国传统园林的"借景"是以"得景"为目的。通过地宜条件和时宜条件等有利条件的创造与利用,以及对不利条件的转化,来强化人的"得景"感知,实现借景。得景方式的差异,取决于人感受外部事物的5种方式。按照人对园林景物的感知方式的不同,把借景手法分为因视觉借景、因听觉借景、因触觉(肤觉)借景、因嗅觉借景等4种方法。而计成在《园冶》中所论述到的近借、远借、俯借、仰借,大多属于因视觉借景。本文以"风"这一得景主题为例,探讨上述借景手法在园林中的应用及其重要的意义。

This article proposes a new illustration on ＂View-borrowing＂which is based on Accepted Scenery in Classical Chinese gardens. It introduces the methods to realize ＂View-borrowing＂ which strengthens people＇s feeling of the artistic conception according to its environment where and when are appropriate conditions and how to transit improper conditions. This article introduces five different ways to perceive the outside environment which would decide the classification of the Accepted Scenery type. The ＂View-borrowing＂ can be divided into four types, such as the Borrowed by Sight and by Hearing, and the Borrowed by Touch and by Smelling, etc, which are according to the different ways for people to feel about the landscape context. However, several kinds of ＂View-borrowing＂ that JI Cheng has written in his book named Yuan Ye. For example, they are including the Borrowed Scenery Near-by and the Borrowed Scenery Far away and the Borrowed Scenery Down and the Borrowed Scenery Up, which are all belonged to the Borrowed by Sight. In this article, various designing methods of Accepted Scenery of wind are introduced which are important in modern design.