方位词“上”和“下”的功能性成分与“手”的转喻和隐喻

Functional Elements of Locatives “SHANG”and“XIA”and Metonymys and Metaphors about“Hand”

认知语言学给予隐喻极大关注。近年来,西方认知语言学家强调,转喻可能是比隐喻更为基本的概念结构,并且可以作为隐喻的基础。本文通过分析"手上"和"手下"语义扩展方式,旨在证明身体部位"手"和方位词"上"、"下"结合时,方位词的功能性成分凸显"手"的不同侧面,构成转喻。通过经验相关性,具体的身体经验发展为抽象概念,进而形成隐喻。

In cognitive linguistics, much attention has been given to metaphor. Recently, western cognitive linguists emphasize that metonymy might be the basis of metaphor. This paper addresses metaphor and metonymy involved in the semantic extension of ＂shou shang＂ and ＂shou xia＂. We argue that functional elements profile different aspects of ＂shou＂. This process leads to metonymy. By means of experiential correlations, these physical experiences then develop into abstract concepts, thus forming metaphor.