陆绍明与20世纪初年的史学批评

On LU Shao-ming's Historiography Criticism in the Early 20th Century

20世纪初年的史学批评因其处于新旧交替、中西融汇的过渡时代,而具有多个面相。与其时流行的否定传统史学的学术批判不同,陆绍明对传统史学虽也有批驳,但比较客观和理性。为包括传统史学在内的旧学"招魂",是陆绍明的学术志向所在。陆绍明在史学批评上的一大贡献,是他从深层次上提出了中国史学的五次变迁论。重绘中国传统史学的学派格局,则是陆绍明史学批评思想中最有建树的地方。陆绍明将传统史学分为尚文派与重笔派,又从诸子与史学的关系入手,将史学分为九家和二十家,虽高明有余,但审慎不足,终究留下了一种不同于今天的史学批评观念,具有学理上的价值。在清季新旧学术价值观的交锋中,旧的学术话语虽明显处于下风,但陆绍明仍代表着传统派批评家发出了声音,使旧的话语体系不至于失语,因此在史学批评的近代化历程中,占有一席之地。但他于辛亥革命之后,史学思想有所倒退,与其时中国学术文化的大潮已渐行渐远。

In the early 20 th Century, historiography criticism has a complex phenomenon. At that time, the mainstream of historiography criticism negates tradition. However, LU Shao-ming＇s criticism of the traditional historiography is more objective and rational. He sums up the five changes in the development of Chinese traditional historiography, which has some truth. He divides the traditional historiography into the two schools. One attaches importance to expression and the other pays attention to the fact. This is the most valuable part of his historiography thought. Overall, in the course of the modernization of historiography criticism, LU Shao-ming plays an important role. After the revolution of 1911, his historiography thought has been backward, and it is far from the tide of Chinese academic culture.