时空视阈下的审美心胸理论

The Theory of Aesthetic Mind:A Space-time Perspective

审美心胸表现为一种空明澄澈、通豁无碍的心境,这实际上是一种自由的心理时空,是对自然社会时空秩序的超越。中国古代审美心胸理论关涉到三个层面的时空:"自然时空"、"心理时空"、"形式时空",这三个层面紧密关联,构成了审美时空的三个基本维度。有限的生命与无限的宇宙之间的根本对立,引发"心理时空"对"自然时空"的塑型与超越,这也是艺术审美发生的存在论依据,但"心理时空"还必须转化并落实到具体的意象符号亦即"形式时空"上。老庄的"虚静"说、佛禅的"空静"论均为审美心胸理论提供了思想上的支撑,但两者仅从哲学上对"自然时空"与"心理时空"的关系进行了充分的阐发,而对"形式时空",特别是审美时空三层面之间的共生相依关系并未作明确论述。魏晋以降,"虚静"("空静")说被后世文艺理论家用于诗文、书画等各个艺术领域,在庄禅的"道体时空"、"佛性时空"之外,拓展了审美意象的"形式时空",审美心胸理论才实现了从哲学到美学、艺术学的完美变身,并逐步得到充实与完善。

The aesthetic mind shows up as a kind of open and clear state of mind.This is actually a kind of free psychological space-time,as well as transcendence beyond space-time order of natural sociey.The theory of aesthetic mind in ancient China is concerned with space-time of three levels,i.e.natural space-time,psychological spacetime,and modal space-time,which are closely related to each other and together form the three basic dimensions of aesthetic space-time.The fundamental antagonism between limited life and infinite universe causes moulding and transcendence of psychological space-time to natual space-time,which is also the ontological foundation of artistic aesthetics,yet psychological space-time must transform and implement to concrete symbol of image,i.e modal space-time.The idea of'emptiness and quietness'of Laozi and Zhuangzi,as well as the Buddhist and Zen concept of'no mindedness'both provide ideological support for the theory of aesthetic mind,but those two only elucidate the relation between natural space-time and psychological space-time in a philosophical perspective,but do not make clear discussion of modal space-time,especially the symbiotic and correlated relationship among the three levels of aesthetic space-time.Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties,the ideas of'emptiness and quietness'as well as'no mindedness'were applied to various artistic realms of poetry,prose,calligraphy,painting and etc.,which extended modal space-time of aesthetic image besides the space-time of Dao and Buddhata.Thus the theory of aesthetic mind realized a perfect transformation from philosophy to art and aesthetics,and gradually got enriched and improved.