我们如何共同行动?——“同意理论”的当代境遇

How Do We Work Together:Contemporary Condition of Consent Theory

"同意理论"是启蒙思想家们关于我们如何共同行动的经典解释。一方面,同意理论让自主的个人之间得以形成一种共同的秩序,当他们彼此同意建立或接受这种秩序时,就共同进入了一个拥有权威的共同体,并得以在这一共同体的框架之内开展有序的共同行动。另一方面,同意理论又造成了自主与自由、民主与正义的矛盾,因而受到了当代政治哲学家们的集体拒绝。对同意理论的拒绝在实践中意味着某些行动者可以无须其他行动者的同意而开展共同行动,其结果是让社会的边缘群体与世界的边缘社会承受了共同行动的代价,进而造成了今天人类的共同行动困境。在日益多元的社会中,对"我们如何共同行动"的回答需要重新思考同意与拒绝的关系。

Consent theory is the classic account of how do we work together by enlightenment thinkers.On the one hand,consent theory makes a common order between autonomous individuals possible,and by agreeing with each other to establish or accept that order,individuals enter into an authoritative community so that they can work orderly together under the basic framework of that community.On the other hand,consent theory causes contradictions between autonomy and freedom,and between democracy and justice.Consequently,it is refused collectively by contemporary political philosophers.The refusal to consent theory implies in practice that some actors can take common actions without others'consent,which has imposed the costs of common actions on marginalized groups in a society or marginalized societies in the world,and put us into a dilemma of common action.In an increasingly diversified world,to answer the question of how do we work together,we need to reconsider the relation between consent and refusal.