论契约团体事实属性与规范属性间的断裂与弥补

Rupture between Factual and Normative Characters of Contractual Organization and its Remedy

契约团体首先是一种事实上的存在,其自然地呈现出"对外单一、对内复多"的事实属性。法律规范对于契约团体事实属性的作用,表现为从"干预"到"重构"的历史进程。其中,"干预"是指法律规范对于团体事实属性逐项环节的人为确认或者阻却;"重构"则是指法律规范在以"权利能力"概念为基础的团体法技术框架之下,对团体事实属性的重新组合。相应的,法律规范对于契约团体与个人的类比思维,也便历经了从"比喻为人"到"拟制为人"两个阶段。以"法人拟制"与"权利能力"为起点的"重构",导致了契约团体的事实属性与规范属性的断裂。因此,法学在关注团体法律规范的同时,更需要关注团体的自然状态与运作机理。

Being a factual existence,the contract organization manifests such factual characters as＂unitary in external relationship and multivariate in internal relationship＂. That legal norm influences on the factual characters of contract organization can be summarized such a historical course as from ＂intervention＂to ＂reconstruction＂. Among which,＂intervention＂means that the links of the factual characters of contract organization are affirmed or denied by legal norm subjectively; while ＂reconstruction＂means that the links of the factual characters of contract organization are recombined by legal technique founded on the concept of ＂capacity of civil right＂. Consequently,the legal thought about analogy between organization and human also experiences two phases： ＂comparing to a person＂and＂creating a person＂. The latter triggers a rupture between the factual and normative characters of contract organization. When we research on the legal norm of organization,we should pay more attention on organization＇s natural state and its operating mechanism.