高眼压症的诊断与治疗

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular hypertension

高眼压症在人群中的患病率较高，40岁以上人群可达到3％～10％。若不进行干预，将有10％以上的高眼压症者在5至10年内发展为青光眼。青光眼是世界首位的不可逆性致盲眼病，其具有高致盲性和损伤不可逆性等特征，因此广大眼科医师应对高眼压症给予重视。然而对所有高眼压症者进行干预治疗不符合卫生经济学要求，在造成严重经济负担的同时，长期用药可使高眼压症者面临生活不便以及受到药物副作用影响等重大问题，因此高眼压症是否需要治疗、如何治疗、治疗随访的原则是什么等，均是眼科工作者需要掌握的重要临床问题。由于目前眼科医师针对高眼压症相关知识的认知程度不高，为此本文对高眼压症的定义、流行病学特征、诊断、风险评估、治疗等进行综述，以期为高眼压症的临床诊治提供参考。

Ocular hypertension is popular among people, with a prevalence of 3% to 10% in those older than 40 years old. Without proper intervention, over 10% of the patients with ocular hypertension would develop glaucoma in the following 5 to 10 years. Glaucoma has become one of the leading causes of blindness all over the world, which makes it essential for us to pay enough attention to the prevention and treatment of ocular hypertension. However, it is not cost-effective to treat all the patients with ocular hypertension. Certain side effects may also be caused with long-term medical treatment. Therefore, it is of great importance for ophthalmologists to identify the right time and use appropriate therapeutic methods. To introduce the knowledge of ocular hypertension, the definition, epidemiology, diagnosis, risk factors and treatment of ocular hypertension are reviewed in this article.