扫频相干光断层成像术在高度近视眼研究中的新发现

The new findings of high myopia by swept-source optical coherence tomography

高度近视眼的眼底病变是导致视觉损伤的主要原因之一，包括不同类型的视网膜、脉络膜及巩膜改变，尤其黄斑及视乳头周围的病变。由于技术的限制，以往对于人类巩膜及脉络膜特点的活体观察和研究相对困难。扫频OCT以长波长扫描激光作为光源，随着扫描深度的增加，其灵敏度的衰减不断减少，使其对脉络膜甚至巩膜的检查成为可能。本文就近期使用扫频OCT对人类高度近视眼脉络膜、巩膜的特点及巩膜后蛛网膜下腔和血管系统进行研究的结果进行综述。

The fundus disease of high myopia, one of the main reasons leading to visual impairment, includes different types of the retinal, choroidal and seleral changes, and in particular the macular and optic disc lesions. Due to technical limitations, it is relatively difficult to study the characteristics of the selera and the choroid in humans in vivo. The swept-source optical coherence tomography, with the long wave swept laser as a light source, has less sensitivity roll-off with the tissue depth, which makes it possible to check the ehoroid and the sclera. The recent studies of the characteristics of the choroid and the sclera in high myopia, and new findings of spinal and vascular systems posterior to the sclera in humans are mainly reviewed in this article.