呼和浩特市老年高血压病现况调查及中医证型分析

Investigation and Analysis of TCM Syndrome of Elderly Hypertension in Hohhot

目的调查呼和浩特市老年人高血压病的患病率、知晓率、控制率及中医证型的分布特点,分析与确定呼和浩特市老年高血压病的危险因素,进而为临床上中医药治疗高血压病提供科学的流行病学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的研究方法,以呼和浩特的4个区(玉泉区、赛罕区、新城区、回民区)中的1个社区和1个自然村作为调查点,选择年龄≥60岁的有本地正式户口的常住居民作为调查对象,以面对面的形式收集所需信息并填写《呼和浩特市老年高血压病流行病学调查表》。结果呼和浩特市老年高血压病的患病率为42.00%,知晓率为65.53%,控制率为32.94%。高血压家族病史、文化程度低、吸烟、饮酒、饮食过咸等是该地区老年高血压病的危险因素。中医证型分布由多到少依次为阴虚阳亢证(24.62%)>气血亏虚证(20.83%)>痰湿内阻证(14.39%)>肝肾阴虚证(11.74%)>阴阳两虚证(9.84%)>瘀血阻滞证(8.90%)>肝阳上亢证(7.39%)>肝火亢盛证(2.29%)。结论呼和浩特市老年人高血压病的患病率高、知晓率高,但控制率却很低。针对老年高血压病的危险因素做好老年人群的高血压病防治知识普及工作是降低患病率,提高知晓率、控制率的途径之一。中医证型分布以虚证居多。

Objective To investigate prevalence, awareness and control rates and TCM syndromes distribution characteristics of elder hypertension patients in Hohhot, and to analyze and confirm risk factors of hypertension in elderly patients in Hohhot, so as to provide scientific epidemiology basis for hypertension treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Methods The survey was conducted over four districts in Hohhot（Yuquan district, Saihan district, new urban area, Huimin district） through stratified and cluster sam-pling. One community and one natural village in every district above were selected as investigation site. The people who are over 60 years officially registered permanent residences were chosen as respondents. The form of epidemiology survey of hypertension in elderly patients in Hohhot was filled by face to face with every patient. Results The prevalence rate, awareness rate and control rate of hypertension in elderly patients in Hohhot were 42.00%, 65.53% and 32.94%, respectively. Family history of hypertension, low educational level, smoking, drinking, eating salty and so on are the risk factors of hypertension in the area. The distribution of TCM syndromes were ordered from the most to the least as follows： yin-deficiency and yang-predominance syndrome was 24.62%, deficiency of qi and blood syndrome was 20.83%, sputum syndrome was 14.39%, deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome was 11.74%, deficiency of yin and yang syndrome was 9.84%, blood-stasis syndrome was 8.90%, excessive of liver-yang was 7.39% and overabundant liver-fire syndrome was 2.29%. Conclusion The prevalence rate and awareness rate of hypertension in elderly patients in Hohhot were high, but the control rate was poor. To reduce prevalence rate, improve awareness rate, and control rate, a popularization of knowledge about Hypertension for elderly people is a pretty way. And deficiency syndromes occupied the majority of TCM syndromes.