儒家符码镜像视域下的规训政治——新生活运动政治语境的“外儒化”

Political Training Overshadowed by Confucian Codes——On "Confucianism" in the political context of the New Life Movement

1934年2月19日,以《新生活运动之要义》的宣讲为标志,蒋介石一手策划的新生活运动率先在南昌发起。从运动的发起到推行的整个过程都充斥着儒家印记,其政治语境的"外儒化",即国民党政党舆论借助儒家理念光环和符号映射进行个人、社会、国家三维建构的镜像表达方式。国家权力的伦理化反向构造了权力的人格化,在内外交困之际,蒋介石选择发起新生活运动,其政治目的在于借助儒家伦理规训民众生活,在"外儒化"的政治社会化语境中,让民众通过道德自觉主动认可现存秩序,实现权力统治关系向道德顺从关系的转化。新生活运动的政治意义和"外儒化"表达形式,深刻地表明了国民党意识形态重构过程中的"应然"外相和"实然"样态的"形神分裂",同时也预示着这场"新"运动失败的必然性。

On February 19, 1934, marked with the preaching of the Essence of the New Life Movement, the New Life Movement orchestrated by Chiang kai-shek took the lead in Nanchang. The whole process from the launching to introduction is filled with Confucian imprint, with Confucianization of its political context, namely the Kuomintang＇ s image expression of the construction of the personal, social, and national three-dimension with the help of the aura and symbol mapping of Confucian concept. The ethicization of state pow- er reversely constructed the personification of power. Beset with troubles internally and externally, Chiang kai-shek chose to launch the New Life Movement, whose political purpose lies in to discipline public life with the aid of Confucian ethic, and in the context of Confu- cianized political socialization, to let people take the initiative to recognize the existing order by moral consciousness, and to realize the transformation of the power relationship to the moral obedience. The political meaning and ＂Confucianized＂ form of expression of the New Life Movement profoundly indicate the ＂split＂ of the ＂ought to＂ appearance and ＂must be＂ reality of the reconstruction of Kuomintang ideology and foresee the inevitability of the failure of the ＂new＂ movement.