藏戏的界定与起源问题研究

Study on the Definition and Origin of Tibetan Opera

藏戏是由藏族民间及宗教歌舞、说唱、音乐、舞蹈、杂技等长期综合演变而形成的综合性表演艺术,是不断发展变化的多剧种的戏剧群落。藏戏在原始民间歌、舞、仪式基础上孕育,后随着苯教的发展、民间歌舞说唱的发展而不断丰富完善。当佛教全面引介并成为藏族的主要宗教之后,藏戏又极大地受到了佛教仪式表演的滋养,并与之密切融合,成为宗教仪式性与审美娱乐性很好结合的艺术形态。藏戏的界定、起源问题研究涉及藏戏的来源要素、历史起点和它的基本构成及形态,涉及藏戏剧名、剧种的界定研究问题,还与藏戏的流派、分布等问题密切相关,还应该考虑藏戏的原生性和衍生性。

Tibetan opera, a comprehensive performing arts, has evolved from the Tibetan folk and religious songs,dances, music, acrobatics, etc., and has developed as a multi-genre opera belonging to an unique category. Onthe basis of the Tibetan folk songs, dances and rituals, Tibetan opera has gradually taken its shape and constant-ly enriched and perfected itself. When Buddhism was introduced into Tibet and became the dominant religion inTibet, Tibetan opera was greatly influenced by the Buddhist rituals and closely integrated with Buddhism. Thus,it becomes an art form which combines rituality of religion, aesthetics and entertainment. The study of the defini-tion and origin of Tibetan opera involves the essential factors, history, composition and form of Tibetan opera aswell as the definition, genre, school and distribution of it. The nature and derivative of Tibetan opera also need tobe taken into consideration.