民族认同与国家认同关系及影响机制研究——以西藏林芝市米林县、墨脱县珞巴族为实证对象

On The Relationship between Ethnic Identity and National Identity and the Influencing Mechanism——A Case Study of the Lopa Ethnic Group in Milin and Medog County of Nyingchi, Tibet

民族认同和国家认同关系一直备受关注,但以人口较少民族为对象的实证研究极为缺乏。文章以西藏珞巴族为对象,对民族认同和国家认同关系进行实证调查。数据发现:(1)珞巴族民族认同和国家认同关系并不绝对排斥,而是良好的"双高"认同。(2)民族认同和国家认同有不同的影响机制,前者主要受本民族历史记忆、社会互动、积极自我肯定和交往空间的影响,后者主要受语言多样性、对主体民族的肯定、本民族自豪感和工作中自身融入更大群体的状况所影响。(3)社会基本属性变量和国家政策变量对民族认同和国家认同的影响缺乏显著性。(4)对本民族认同的积极肯定以及与其他民族进行积极社会互动是国家认同和民族认同关系的重要纽带。本研究并不支持国家优惠政策推行强化民族认同的观点,但受教育程度、国家优惠政策和国家认同之间的关系仍需进一步检验。

The relationship between ethnic identity and national identity has received much concern, but there islittle empirical research done on that of minorities. Thus, a research taking Lopa ethnic group in Tibet as the ob-ject has been done and it is found that：（1） The relationship between ethnic identity and national identity are notmutually excluded, instead it is mutually approved;（2）Ethnic identity and national identity have different influ-encing mechanism;（3）Basic social variables and state policy variables have no significant influenceon either eth-nic identity or national identity;（4） The positive affirmation of ethnic identity and the active social interactionwith other nationalities are an important link in the relationship of national identity and ethnic identity.