国外环境烟雾箱及其应用研究

Foreign Environmental Smog Chambers and Current Application Researches

概述了国外环境烟雾箱的定义、分类、壁效应、特性表征及其应用研究。结果表明:国外环境烟雾箱的材料主要为Teflon FEP;室内环境烟雾箱体积较小,但模拟条件可控性较强,室外环境烟雾箱体积大,但模拟条件可控性较弱;多数环境烟雾箱功能单一,不可移动,不能到达现场进行具有区域针对性的模拟研究,更不能开展人体暴露和建筑装饰装修材料中有害物质释放规律研究;几乎每个环境烟雾箱都配备了先进的分析仪器,如激光诱导荧光检测器等;主要用于光化学烟雾机制机理、新增痕量气体的大气化学行为和二次有机气溶胶的形成等方面的研究。因此,建议未来我国建设的环境烟雾箱应根据不同科研目的,拓展其应用功能;制定环境烟雾箱应用研究战略,系统研究我国大气灰霾污染形成和对人体健康影响的机制机理,为我国全面防控区域大气污染的战略决策提供科学支持。

The definition,classification,wall effects and characterization of environmental smog chambers were simply summarized,and their application researches were reviewed. It is indicated that the main material of foreign environmental smog chambers is Teflon FEP,the indoor chamber with relatively smaller volume has powerful controlling ability of simulated conditions including light intensity,temperature and relative humidity,while the outdoor chamber with relatively larger volume is on the contrary,with less controlling ability. Most smog chambers have single function and are unmovable,neither applied to carry out on-site simulation research aiming at specific areas,nor adapted to the researches on human exposure and emission theory of decorative building materials.Almost all the environmental chambers are equipped with advanced instruments such as laser induced fluorescence（ LIF）. The smog chambers are mainly applied to the researches on photochemical smog mechanisms,atmospheric chemical behavior of new trace gases,and formation of secondary organic aerosol,etc. It was proposed that the application functions of environmental smoke chambers should be expanded for different research purposes and application research strategies of environmental smoke chambers be developed to promote systematic study of formation mechanism of haze and human health effects for prevention and control of air pollution in China.