无人直升机搭载大气颗粒物采样装置的前期地面评估

Previous Assessment of Unmanned Helicopter Carrying Particulate Matter Sampling Equipment

与搭载气溶胶观测和分析仪器测量相比,利用无人直升机搭载气囊采集高空大气颗粒物是一种经济、便捷和安全的采集方式。为了解无人直升机采样装置的采样效果,选择2014年10月至2015年3月的4次重污染天气过程,由无人直升机搭载气囊采集大气颗粒物,然后利用气溶胶采样器采集气囊内的大气颗粒物样品并计算采样时间,再利用气溶胶采样器采集相同时间段内的地面大气颗粒物(气囊外),并将两者进行对比。结果表明:在稳定的污染天气条件下,采集气囊内的大气颗粒物,与相同时间段内利用气溶胶采样器直接采集气囊外的大气颗粒物相比,两种方式采集到的大气颗粒物质量最大差值29%,最小差值11%,平均为21%;利用无人直升机的大气采样装置采集大气颗粒物对碳气溶胶组分影响很小,气囊内与气囊外OC/TC最大相差2.0%,最小相差0.5%。上述结果表明,无人直升机的大气采样装置有比较好的采集效率,利用气囊这种经济、便捷、安全的方式,搭载在无人机平台上,采集高空大气是一种获取气溶胶垂直廓线的有效方法,有望在未来的气溶胶气候和环境研究中提供宝贵数据。

Compared with aerosol observation and analytical instrument measurement,the method with unmanned helicopter is a very economical,convenient and secure sampling method which uses unmanned helicopter equipped with airbags to sample upper air particulate matter. In order to study the sampling effect of unmanned helicopter equipped with airbags,we choose four seriously polluted weather processes from October 2014 to March 2015,using unmanned helicopter equipped with airbags to sample upper air particulate matter and using ground sampling to sample surface air particulate matter（ outside of airbag） at the same time. This paper has made a comparative analysis of sampling equipment of unmanned helicopter with ground sampling. The results are as follows. Under the stable heavy pollution weather,comparing the particulate matter in the airbags and ground sampling,the maximum difference of air particulate mass is 29%,the minimum is 11% and the average is 21%. In addition,organic carbon and element carbon analysis show that the two methods have little influence on carbon aerosol component.The maximum difference of OC / TC between inside and outside of airbags is 2. 0% and the minimum is 0. 5%.The results can be considered that particulate matter sampling equipment of unmanned helicopter has relatively good collection efficiency. Using this sampling equipment,it is an effective method of obtaining vertical profiles of particulate matter,which is expected to provide valuable data for aerosol climate and environmental research in the future.