基于高斯模型的液氨储罐泄漏扩散仿真分析

SIMULATION OF LIQUID AMMONIA STORAGE TANK LEAKAGE DIFFUSION BASED ON GAUSSIAN MODEL

为研究氨气泄漏的扩散距离与风速的关系,有效控制和降低事故的后果,以渭南某化工企业液氨储罐为研究对象,对液氨储罐泄漏的扩散规律进行数值仿真分析。首先运用MATLAB仿真模拟软件,采用高斯羽流模型,研究液氨储罐的泄漏扩散的影响因素,确定液氨扩散中毒危险区域。然后运用SPSS软件,采用曲线估计的方法,拟合泄漏扩散造成的下风向以及横风向距离与风速的关系。研究结果表明:液氨储罐泄漏达到连续稳定状态时,同一储罐泄露速率与泄漏孔径相关,孔径越小泄露速率越小,导致危险区域面积越小;大气稳定度越差时,所造成的危险区域面积更大;空气流动速度增加导致大气趋向稳定,能有效减小泄漏源造成的危险区域面积;获得了液氨储罐在白天(夜间)泄漏孔径为50 mm(25 mm)时,任何风速下人员中毒轻伤、重伤以及死亡的范围。

To discover the relationship of ammonia leakage diffusion distance and wind speed,and control the accident consequences effectively,we took liquid ammonia tank of chemical industrial in Weinan as the object and simulated the liquid ammonia leakage diffusion law. Firstly,the MATLAB was applied with Gaussian model,to study the influence factors of leakage and diffusion of the liquid ammonia tank,and determine the ammonia poisoning risk diffusion region. And then,SPSS was applied with curve smoothly fitting method,to determine the fitting equation between diffusion distance and wind speed.The results showed that,when the liquid ammonia tank leakage achieved a continuous and stable state,the leakage rate of the same tank related to the leakage hole,the smaller of leakage hole,and the smaller of leakage rate and dangerous area. Worse atmospheric stability resulted in a bigger dangerous area. When the air flow speed increased,the atmosphere tended to be stable,which could effectively reduce the dangerous area. When liquid ammonia storage tank leaked during the day（ or night）,and leakage hole was 50 mm（ or 25 mm）,we could get the dangerous area at any wind speed with this method.