学龄前儿童行为问题发展及影响因素的纵向研究

Longitudinal study of the tendency and influential factors for behavior problem among preschool children

目的探索3～6岁学龄前儿童行为问题随年龄变化的趋势，并分析其可能的影响因素及相关关系。方法采用前瞻性调查研究方法，通过基线期调查及1年后随访调查进行分阶段抽样调查，选取广州市某区的551例3～6岁幼儿园儿童的家长进行家长问卷调查，包括一般情况调查表、长处与困难问卷（家长版）和3～7岁儿童气质问卷。结果基线调查有效问卷733份，随访调查问卷551份（随访率75．2％），有效问卷526份（有效率95．5％）。其中儿童行为问题检出率随年龄增长而下降（t=1．975，P=0．049），女童下降幅度较大（t=2．359，P=0．019）。品行问题（t=2．888，P=0．004）、同伴关系（t=2．572，P=0．010）及亲社会行为（t=-3．329，P=0．001）改善明显。母亲年龄、父母文化程度、家庭结构及儿童气质是行为问题的影响因素，其中父母文化程度与行为问题的变化有关。儿童性别及是否独生子女对行为问题无明显影响，家庭月收入仅影响行为问题的变化。结论儿童行为问题随年龄增长呈下降趋势。行为问题的发生发展受众多因素影响，干预措施应综合考虑各种相关因素。

Objective To analyze the tendency and influential factors and relationship for behavior problem among 3 to 6 years old preschool children. Methods By a prospective study, the questionnaire survey was carried out in 551 parents of 3 to 6 years old children from kindergarten in Guangzhou,including General Situation Questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（parent version ） and 3 -7 years old children Behavioral Style Questionnaire. The data were collected at baseline and 1 year follow - up, and were analyzed by the prospective study method. Results Baseline survey 733 valid questionnaires,551 questionnaires were followed up （follow - up rate was 75.2% ） , the effective questionnaires were 526 （ effective rate was 95.5% ）. The detection rate of behavior problem reduced by age （ t = 1. 975, P = 0. 049 ）, especially in the kind problem of conduct （ t = 2. 888, P = 0.004 ）, friendship （ t = 2. 572, P = 0. 010） and prosocial behavior（ t = -3. 329, P =0. 001 ）. In the mean time, the degree of cutting down in girls was more obvious than in boys（ t = 2. 359 ,P = 0. 019）. The influential factors include mother＇age,parental education level, structure of family and children＇ temperament. Children＇s gender and whether the only child has no significant effect on behavior problems,and the family income only affects the change of behavior problems. Conclusions The detection rate of behavior problem reduce by age and influenced by many factors. Intervention measures must be synthetically considered various related factors.