高等教育学术质量保障的三种机制——基于发达国家实践的考察

Three Kinds of Mechanisms for Academic Quality Assurance of Higher Education——Based on the Practice of Developed Countries

伴随经济全球化和高等教育大众化、国际化,高等教育的学术质量保障成为世界范围内的重要议题。西方发达国家主要存在三种高等教育学术质量保障机制,一是基于学术寡头权威的行业自律;二是以消费者主导为假设的市场调节机制;三是高等教育质量的国家规制。三种机制的运行逻辑不同,不同发达国家的选择和侧重也各有差异。对我国高等教育的启示是,要警惕和规避管理主义的消极后果,正确对待文化、体制和结构的双重作用,合理发挥非政府组织的作用,协调行业自律、市场调节和国家规制三种机制,合力保障和提升高等教育质量。

Along with the economic globalization, the massification and internationalization of higher education, academic quality assurance of higher education has become an important issue around the world. There are three major kinds of mechanisms for higher education quality assurance in western developed countries. Firstly, the professional regulation which is based on the authority of academic oligarchy ; secondly, the market regulation mechanism which assuming that consumers dominance; thirdly, the state regulation of the higher education quality. The operational logic of the three mechanisms are different and dif- ferent developed countries have different choice. It shows that, we should be vigilant of the negative consequences of managerialism and try to avoid it, pay attention to the role of NGOs and correctly deal with the dual function of culture, system and structure, in addition, coordinate the role of professional self regulation, market regulation and state direct regulation for higher education quality assurance and improvement.