基于层次分析法的鹤岗市煤矿区生态脆弱性评价

Ecological Vulnerability Assessment Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process in Hegang Coal Mining Area

结合国内外煤矿区生态脆弱性相关理论,借助3S技术,以鹤岗市煤矿区为例,从环境暴露性、敏感性和适应性3个属性出发,基于层次分析法和专家咨询法构建鹤岗市煤矿区生态脆弱性模型及评价指标体系。结果显示,煤矿区生态脆弱性影响因素中适应性影响力大于环境暴露性和敏感性,说明生态环境受外界干扰影响大;10个影响因子指标中植被覆盖率权重最大即影响力显著,耕地面积比例次之。减少人类干扰,提高植被覆盖率和耕地面积比例是煤矿区生态建设的最佳选择,也是经济可持续发展的根本。

Based on the theory of ecological vulnerability of domestic and foreign coal mining areas, the 3S technology was adopted in coal mining area of Hegang City.From the three properties of environmental exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, ecological vulnerability model and evaluation index system were established in coal mining area in Hegang City based on hierarchical analysis method and expert consultation method.Results showed that among the influencing factors of ecological vulnerability in coal mining area, suitability had greater impacts on environmental exposure and sensitivity, indicating that ecological environment was greatly affected by external disturbance.In the ten indexes of influencing factors, vegetation coverage rate had the greatest weight （significant influence）, followed with the percentage of cultivated land area.Therefore, reducing human interference, increasing vegetation coverage and the proportion of arable land were not only simply the best choice for ecological construction of coal mining area, but also the foundation of sustainable economic development.