中国制造业国际竞争力与要素价格关系研究——基于中国28个制造业行业的实证分析

Does the Promotion of International Competitiveness Conflict with Rising Factor Prices?—An Empirical Study of 28 Manufacturing Industries in China

《中国制造2025》方案的出台,表明提高我国制造业的国际竞争力已十分迫切。但是,中国生产要素价格的不断上涨,阻碍了中国制造业的国际竞争力提升。为了深入研究如何提高我国制造业的国际竞争力,该文采用中国28个制造业行业2003-2013年的面板数据,实证分析原材料、劳动力和资本要素价格变化对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响。该文研究发现,要素价格对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响在行业与要素层面均呈现出方向性差异。具体来看,原材料价格上涨对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响呈现先下降后上升的"U型",而实际工资和资本价格上涨对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响则呈现先上升后下降的"倒U型"。因此,该文提出可以通过健全要素市场价格形成机制,使要素价格合理反映要素禀赋状况;提高劳动者工资必须稳定在对劳动者的最优激励范围内等措施来推动提高我国制造业的国际竞争力。

＂Made in China 2025＂ strategy has highlighted the requirements on the development of China＇ s manufacturing industry. The rising labor wages and raw material prices in China, brings about a great challenge that ascends the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry. In order to empirically estimate the impact of the rising factor prices on the international competitiveness of manufacturing industry, the paper uses the panel data of 28 manufacturing industries from 2003 to 2013 and then analyzes the influence of price change of raw materials, labor and capital factors on the international competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry. The study finds that the price change has different influence on the international competitiveness. The raw material prices has a change in the influence on the international competitiveness of manufacturing like U-style. However, the prices of real wages and capital tend to rise after a fall in the influence like inversed U-style. Therefore it is necessary to improve the pricing mechanisms of factor market and reasonably reflect actual conditions of the factor endowments by the prices. Labor wages should be lifted but limited in a range around the optimal incentives.