中小企业创新战略选择:先前经验与环境感知——基于双案例的探索性研究

Prior Experience and Environmental Perception Affecting Innovation Strategy Choices of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises:An Exploratory Study Based on Two Cases

随着"互联网+"的兴起,企业面临的市场环境日趋多变,尤其是环境中破坏性创新的出现,对中小企业的创新战略选择提出了更高的要求。根据高阶理论,高管成员不同的认知基础会使信息处理具有选择性,导致感知的异质性,并在这种有限理性条件下形成不同的创新战略选择。决策者先前经验会影响认知,进而对环境感知产生影响,而环境感知又是影响企业创新战略选择的重要因素。目前,学术界关于具体环境感知对创新战略选择的影响尚无定论。因此,本文基于前人的研究,运用文本分析与编码设计方法,通过双案例研究,探讨中小企业面对外部环境变化时,决策者不同的先前经验和环境感知对探索性和利用性创新战略选择的差异化影响及其作用机理。

With the rise of the＂Internet＋＂,the market environment that enterprises are facing is becoming volatile,especially with the emergence of disruptive innovations in the environment,which makes still higher requirement to innovation strategy choices of small and medium-sized enterprises.According to upper echelons theory,different cognitive basis of executive members makes information processing selective,which leads to different perceptions of managers who form different innovation strategy choices under the condition of limited rationality.Prior experience of decision makers has an important effect on cognition,which influences environmental perception,and environmental perception is the important factor that affects enterprise innovation strategy choice.Research in the field is still inconclusive as to the influence of specific environmental perception on innovation strategy choice.Hence,on the basis of previous studies,using content analysis and coding design,and by means of the comparative study on two cases,this paper investigates how different environmental perceptions and prior experience impact on exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation and its mechanism in small and medium-sized enterprises when they face the external environment change.