2类氨氧化菌的生态特性及其应用研究进展

Eco-Physiology and Research Progress of Two Ammonium Oxidizing Microbes

氮素作为组成生物体的重要元素,一直以其独特的方式在自然界中循环.经典氮循环理论认为细菌的好氧氨氧化是氧化氨氮的唯一途径,然而,随着生物技术的发展,新的氮循环途径被不断发现,其中的古菌好氧氨氧化以及厌氧氨氧化过程,由于其突出的生态及工程应用重要性,成为学术界的研究热点.文章综述氮循环新途径中的厌氧氨氧化以及古菌好氧氨氧化过程的发现及研究现状,并进一步探讨了这2类氨氧化菌的研究及应用前景.

Nitrogen is one of the most important elements for organisms, which is cycling in a special way in nature. Traditional nitrogen cycle was believed to be the only way for nitrogen conversion. However, with the development of biotechnology, new nitrogen conversion pathways were discovered, which becomes hot points for researchers. Based on the researches of authors, it is summarized about the discovery and research status of anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox） and archaeal aerobic ammonia-oxidation processes. Moreover, future investigation and applica- tion for anaerobic ammonium oxidation and archaeal aerobic ammonia-oxidation processes were also overviewed.