脏腑概念从解剖学实体转化为“生理功能系统”的成因

Tansformation of Zang-Fu Concept Interpreted by “Functional Systems” Instead of Anatomical Entities

本文通过对自先秦迄于民国初年的关于脏腑概念演变的资料进行系统梳理,以期揭示脏腑概念从解剖学实体转化为生理功能系统的时间节点和成因,为中医理论的现代化提供研究的切入点。分析结果表明:上古文化学说对原始脏腑概念塑造产生了重要的影响,但原始脏腑概念的发展并没有完全脱离解剖学实体,金、元后中医脏腑理论的体系已经形成再加上传统文化的影响,导致脏腑理论的新学说可以不依赖解剖学实体加以引申,从而几乎完全与解剖学实体游离。在上个世纪20年代的中西医大论争中,恽铁樵先生旗帜鲜明地提出了"气化脏腑"的概念,才从形式上完成了脏腑概念从解剖学实体向生理功能系统的转化,这种转化对中医学的发展产生了深刻的影响。

This study aimed to elucidate the timeline of the development of Zang-Fu concept and its tranformation interpreted by functional systems replacing anatomical entities, teasing out related literatures published from Qin Dynasty to the early years of Republic of China, in order to find out an entry point for the modernization of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. The literature study showed that ancient doctrines had tremendous influences on the formation of primary Zang-Fu concept. However, the original concepts over Zang-Fu did not completely separate from anatomical entities. After Jin and Yuan dynasties, owing to the formation of TCM theoretical system and the surge of traditional Chinese culture, the new doctrine of Zang-Fu theory was developed in a method totally independent of anatomical entities. In the 20 th century, Dr. Yun Tieqiao put forward a term, ＂functionalized organs＂, to define the concept of Zang-Fu, which completed the transformation of Zang-Fu concept explained by functional systems instead of anatomical entities. This event has a profound impact on the development of TCM.