印度传统医学阿育吠陀词汇的梵语-汉语对照翻译及研究

Study on the Comparative Translation of Sanskrit-Chinese Vocabulary in the Indian Ayurvedic Medicine

目的:本研究旨在制作《阿育吠陀梵语汉语词汇表》。方法:提取The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India(API,《印度阿育吠陀药典》)和The Ayurvedic Formulary of India(AFI,《印度阿育吠陀处方集》)中阿育吠陀梵语词汇及其英文或拉丁学名的对照翻译,并翻译成汉语,制作《阿育吠陀梵语汉语词汇表》。结果:完成《阿育吠陀梵语汉语词汇表》,以梵语字母为序;收载阿育吠陀词汇1 743条,其中医学词汇913条,药学词汇791条,医学和药学共用词汇12条,其它词汇27个。词条均由拉丁体梵语、英语或拉丁学名和汉语三部分组成,其中病名附英文对照,生物种药物名附拉丁学名对照。罗列了阿育吠陀三病素、三果药材、药物的特性和作用的梵语和汉语,总结了阿育吠陀梵语词根;阿育吠陀病名的英译体现了传统医学特色和现代研究水平,但专业性和规范性有待提高。结论:《阿育吠陀梵语汉语词汇表》的素材来源可靠,可为我国学者研究阿育吠陀理论和破解处方组成搭建基础和平台。

In this study, a Sanskrit-Chinese Ayurvedic vocabulary table was compiled. The Ayurvedic Sanskrit vocabulary and its corresponding English translation or Latin names in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India（API） and The Ayurvedic Formulary of India（AFI） were collected and translated into Chinese to compile the Sanskrit-Chinese Ayurvedic vocabulary table. As a result, a Sanskrit-Chinese Ayurvedic vocabulary table was created according to the Sanskrit alphabetical order. The table contained 1 743 Ayurvedic words including 913 medical words, 791 pharmaceutical words, 12 words shared by medicine and pharmacy, and another 27 words. All the terms consisted of three parts, namely Sanskrit, English or Latin names and Chinese, with the disease names attached English translations, drug names falling to biological species attached Latin names. Sanskrit and Chinese of the trido？a, triphalā, drugs＇ properties and action in Ayurveda were listed, and the Sanskrit roots in Ayurvedic were summarized. English translation of Ayurveda disease name reflected the characteristics of traditional medicine and modern research level, while the expertise and standardization of translation needed improving. In conclusion, the reliable source material used in compiling the Sanskrit-Chinese Ayurvedic vocabulary table has laid a solid foundation for the Chinese scholars to conduct further studies on Ayurvedic theory and prescription platform building.