孤独症谱系障碍者的视觉-空间工作记忆缺陷及脑机制

Visual-spatial working memory deficits and neural mechanism in autism spectrum disorder

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)个体存在视觉-空间工作记忆加工缺陷,主要表现在4个方面,即随认知负荷增大而缺陷加重、工作记忆容量不足、工作记忆加工过程中的注意功能失调和对刺激进行整体组织的能力缺乏。神经机制研究显示,ASD个体存在明显的额-顶工作记忆网络激活异常,以及相关脑区的脑结构、白质连接异常。另外,作为基础性的认知加工过程,ASD个体的视觉-空间工作记忆各加工环节与言语工作记忆、执行功能、社会认知等因素均存在交互影响。纵观目前研究成果,未来研究可从研究手段、机制探究和干预训练三方面入手,着眼于研究方法的生态化和多元化,揭示客体和空间工作记忆的机制分离,并着力开发更具针对性的干预训练模式。

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD） is confirmed to be impaired in visual-spatial working memory,mainly characterized by effects of cognitive load and capacity limitation.Recently,the functions of attention and central coherence in ASD through visual-spatial working memory performance started to be concerned.Neuroimaging studies have showed functional and structural brain abnormalities in frontoparietal working memory networks in ASD,which are generally linked to frontal-lobe dysfunction.In addition,studies also involved in relations between visual-spatial working memory and other cognitive processes,such as verbal working memory,executive functions and social cognition.From wide view of previous researches,future studies should put ecological validity of experimental tasks on the important status,take full advantage of neuroimaging techniques and longitudinal studies,further reveal the mechanism separation of object and spatial working memory in ASD,and devote to develop an effective intervention training mode.