白洋淀植物重金属积累特性的研究

Characteristics of heavy metals enrichment in plant species growing in Baiyangdian

植物修复技术是治理土壤重金属污染的高效、廉价和颇具潜力的原位绿色技术。针对白洋淀湿地重金属污染(Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu)现状,为利用植物修复技术提供超富集植物资源,本研究在白洋淀淀边、淀中、淀内台地分不同季节采集了26种优势植物及根际沉积物,采用聚类分析方法对植物重金属积累特性进行了分析。结果显示:1龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)是Cd超富集植物,旋覆花(Inula japonica Thunb.)和无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgali L.)为Cd潜在超富集植物,苘麻(Abutilon theophrasti Medicus)、水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)、长芒稗(Echinochloa caudata Roshev.)、阿尔泰狗娃花(Heteropappus hispidus(Thunb.)Less.)、猪毛菜(Salsola collina Pall.)为Cd富集植物。2旋覆花为Pb超富集植物,龙葵为Pb富集植物。3苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder)为Cu超富集植物,蟋蟀草(Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.)和长芒稗是Cu富集植物,萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare L.)和水蓼为Cu潜在富集植物。4虎尾草(Chloris virgata Swartz)和地肤(Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.)为Zn超富集植物,蟋蟀草、水蓼、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)、无芒稗、猪毛菜和阿尔泰狗娃花为Zn富集植物。由此说明,龙葵和旋覆花是Cd和Pb、水蓼是Cd和Cu、蟋蟀草是Cu和Zn的理想提取植物。该结果为白洋淀湿地重金属植物修复提供了理论依据。

Based on the present serious situation of soil heavy metals contamination in Baiyangdian wetland,we screened out plant resources with hyperaccumulation of heavy metals to be used in phytoremediation technology.In this study,26 plant species growing in Baiyangdian wetlands and the rhizosphere sediments were collected is different seasons,and the Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn enrichment characteristics were analyzed.Cluster analysis was used for classifying individuals based on measured characteristics which included shoot metal concentration,BF（shoot metal concentration/soil metal concentration）and TF（shoot metal concentration/root metal concentration）.The results showed that Solanum nigrumpresented notable capacity to absorb Cd from sediments,and had good effect in the remediation of Cd pollution,being an ideal plant for the bioremediation of Cd-polluted soil in Baiyangdian wetland.Inula japonica was consideredas the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator being able to be selected as the candidate for the bioremediation of wetland soil Cd pollution.I.japonica was treated as Pb-hyperaccumulator,and S.nigrum was Pb-accumulator.Xanthium sibiricum performed notable capacity to absorb Cu from wetland soil.For Zn accumulation,Chloris virgata and Kochia scoparia had acceptable effect in the remediation of Zn pollution.In conclusion,P.hydropiperis the ideal species for Cd and Cu accumulation,while Eleusine indicafor Cu and Zn.Moreover,Cluster analysis is effective in the classification of plant species for metal accumulation and identification of potential species for phytoextraction.The results provided the foundation for phytoremediation technology in Baiyangdian wetlands.