论《消寒新咏》的昆曲表演史料价值

On Xiao Han Xin Yong's Historical Value for Kunqu Opera Performance

《消寒新咏》是评咏清乾隆末年北京名伶戏曲表演的诗歌合集。作为昆曲表演史料,它著录了当时京城的昆班规模,记载其活动过程、衰落状况,指出其与花部班社在审美追求上的差别,揭示了昆曲演员的行当、来源、年龄与班社的关系及其生活状况等,体现了评咏者尊昆抑乱的审美取向,以及以传神为最高表演标准、把握表演分寸、力避低俗等昆曲表演主张,对研究昆曲表演历史及古代文人的昆曲美学思想具有重要的文献与理论价值。

Xiao Hart Xin Yong is a collection of poetry reviewing the performances of the star actors in Beijing during the late years of Qianlong＇s reign during the Qing Dynasty. It contains historical records of the size of the Kunqu Opera troupes in Beijing, as well as the activities and decline of Beijing troupes. The collection points out differences between Kunqu Opera troupes and local opera troupes in aesthetic tastes. It also provides information about the career, origin and age of the Kunqu Opera actors, and their relation with the troupes. It shows an aesthetic preference for the Kunqu Opera over the local operas, and proposes some aesthetic claims about Kunqu Opera performance, such as inner spirit as the highest criterion for performance, the golden means in performance, and the opposition to vulgarity. The collection inspires research into the performance of Kunqu Opera and traditional Kunqu aesthetics of the ancient scholars with its valuable documents and theories.