复合型阻燃剂对聚氯乙烯的阻燃抑烟作用研究

Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppression of Compound Composites for Soft Poly(vinyl chloride)

采用微胶囊红磷(MRP)、硼酸锌(ZnBO_3)、氢氧化铝(ATH)和氢氧化镁(MH)进行复配对软质聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行阻燃处理,通过极限氧指数、热失重、锥形量热方法研究了不同配比阻燃剂对PVC的阻燃抑烟性能的影响。结果表明,当PVC/MRP/ZnBO_3/ATH/MH质量比为100:3:1:20:20时,具有良好的阻燃抑烟效果,极限氧指数可达35.9%;阻燃体系PVC/ATH/MH、PVC/MRP/ZnBO_3/ATH/MH相对于纯PVC具有良好的阻燃抑烟性,PVC/MRP/ZnBO_3/ATH/MH比PVC/ATH/MH体系在热释放、烟气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳排放指标上数值更低,热稳定性增加,成炭率更高,火灾性能指数提高,火灾蔓延指数减小,火灾危险性降低。

Microcapsule red phosphorus （MRP）, zinc borate （ZnBO3）, Al （OH）3 （ATH） and Mg（OH）2（MH）were applied to soft poly（vinyl chloride）（PVC） to impart flame retardance, and limiting oxygen index, cone calorimeter test and thermal analysis were used to study the flame retardance and smoke suppression. It was shown that PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH composite with a mass ratio of 100/3/1/20/20 have the largest limiting oxygen index value of 33.9% ;PVC/ MRP/ZnBOa/ATH/MH exhibits better flame retardancy and smoke suppression than PVC/ATH/ MH and pure PVC. Moreover, data from CONE and TG show that in contrast with PVC/ATH/ MH, the release of heat, smoke gas of PVC/MRP/ZnBO3/ATH/MH was much decreased, the charring ability was enhanced appreciably, and CO and CO2 gas release was lower; it was more difficult to ignite, and the fire performance index （FPI） was improved, FGI fire spread index was decreased to reduce fire risk. In the summery, MRP/ZnBO3/PVC composite exhibits optimal comprehensive fire retardaney.