麦棉套作模式下播量与播种方式对小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Seeding Rates and Sowing Methods on Wheat Growth and Development and Yield Traits in Wheat-Cotton Intercropping System

为提高麦棉套作模式下的小麦产量,探索适宜的播种方式与播量,采用裂区试验设计,主因素为播种方式,设置小麦撒播与条播两个处理,副因素为播量,设置187.5、225.0、262.5 kg·hm^(-2)和300.0 kg·hm^(-2)四个处理,研究了播种方式与播量对小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:与条播相比,撒播小麦群体截获光能量提高,基部第二节间直径提高0.05 mm,单位面积地上部干物质积累量提高6.1%,根系生长量明显优于条播,单位面积穗数增加11.8%,穗粒数和千粒重与条播相差不大,最终撒播小麦较条播小麦增产5.1%;随播量增加,群体截获光能量增加,地上部干物质积累与根系生长量均有提高,单位面积穗数呈增加趋势,但单株发育趋弱,单株成穗数降低,穗粒数与千粒重呈降低趋势,撒播四个播量间小麦产量差异达显著水平,以225.0 kg·hm^(-2)播量处理最高,条播四个播量间小麦产量差异不显著,以播量262.5 kg·hm^(-2)最高。在麦棉套作模式下,小麦采用撒播、播量控制在225.0 kg·hm^(-2)时可有效提高小麦产量。

In order to increase the wheat yield and select suitable sowing method and seeding rate in wheat- cotton intercropping system,a split plot experiment involving two sowing methods（ broadcasting and drilling） as principal factors and four seeding rates（ 187. 5,225. 0,262. 5 and 300. 0 kg·hm^（-2）） as vice factors was designed to study the effects of sowing methods and seeding rates on wheat growth and development and yield traits. The results showed that compared with drilling,the broadcasting increased the captured light energy of wheat population; the diameter of the second internode in wheat stem base increased by 0. 05 mm;the dry matter accumulation above ground per unit area increased by 6. 1%; the root biomass was better than that of drilling; the panicle number per unit area increased by 11. 8%; but there was no significant differences in grains per ear and thousand- grain weight; at last the yield of broadcasting increased by 5. 1% than that of drilling. With the increase of seeding rate,the captured light energy of wheat population,dry matter accumulation above ground,root biomass and panicle number per unit area all increased,but the individual plant de-velopment was weakened,and the panicle number of individual plant,grains per ear and thousand- grain weight decreased. The yield among different seeding rates was significantly different for broadcasting,and it reached the highest when the seeding rate was 225. 0 kg·hm^（-2）. For drilling,the yield was the highest under the seeding rate of 262. 5 kg · hm^（-2）. In cotton- wheat system,the wheat yield might be increased using broadcasting method with the seeding rate of 225. 0 kg·hm^（-2）.