日光蜂成虫雌雄触角特征比较分析

Antennae Characteristics of Aphelinus mali(Haldeman) Male and Female Adults

苹果绵蚜日光蜂（又称蚜小蜂）Aphelinus mali（Haldeman）是苹果绵蚜的专性寄生天敌,对后者具有很强的自然控制作用。其雌雄蜂鉴别对于扩大雌蜂放蜂数量以控制苹果绵蚜危害具有重要意义。本研究对山东省6个日光蜂种群触角各个索节、棒节的长宽进行测量,并进行特征分析。结果表明：雌虫触角索节第三节长度显著短于雄虫,而宽度显著长于雄虫;雌虫触角索节第三节接近于正方形,长/宽值为0.89~1.38,而雄虫索节第三节接近于长方形,长/宽值为1.42~2.80;雌虫触角棒节粗短,而雄虫细长。该研究可提供一种通过触角特征鉴别雌雄蜂的方法,为田间选择雌性日光蜂放蜂以及进行生物学特性研究提供依据。

Aphelinus mali（ Haldeman）,a specific natural enemy of woolly apple aphid,can effectively control the occurrence of the later. The ratio of female and male A. mali has remarkable impact on the control efficiency. Thus,the identification of male and female A. mali is significant for the control of woolly apple aphid. In this study,the A. mali populations were collected from six locations across Shandong Province,the length and width of each funicle and clavus of antennae were measured,and the characteristics of male and female A. mali were further analyzed. The results showed that the length of the third funicle of female antennae was significantly shorter than that of male,while the width was significantly longer than that of male. The shape of the third funicle of female antennae was an approximate square with the ratio of length to width ranging from 0. 89 to 1. 38,while the shape of male＇s was a rectangle with the ratio of length to width ranging from 1. 42 to 2. 80. The clavus of female antennae was short and thick while that of male was relatively long and thin. This research discovered a sex identification method of A. mali according to the characteristics of antennae besides genitalia,which would provide basis for choosing female A. mali to release in the field and biological character study.